Nano-Oxy: Diabetic ulcer treatment using oxygen nanoparticles concept as innovation in reducing amputation rates and antibiotics usage

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused defects in insulin secretion, reactions, or both. More than one third of diabetic patients have complications the form ulcers, and half are infected, 15% these infections require limb amputation. High cost expenditure risks microbial resistance to antibiotics also adds complexity problem. The purpose this literature review offer Nano-Oxy, using oxygen nanoparticle size, as an alternative ulcer treatment. Literature searching was conducted through online search method. Oxygen therapy has been widely used treat including hyperbaric (HOT) topical (TOT). Both them good results on therapy. can act antimicrobial agent activation mechanism neutrophils macrophages which play role phagocytosis process ROS regeneration. Nano-Oxy advantages previous therapy, such it does not cause barotrauma, poisoning, low risk burning. how works similar with Micro-nanobubbles (MNBs) concept. negatively charged surface MNBs prevent from aggregating, attracts particles, help remove debris. generate free radicals while shrinking water, contribute its antibacterial effect. In addition, Nano-oxygen technology be applied externally, but still effect intended target cells. Therefore, replace antibiotics.